Posted: July 16th, 2023

Sally is a 50-year-old female who has been a jogger for several years

Sally is a 50-year-old female who has been a jogger for several years. She has recently been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. She has been taking ibuprofen for 3 months but states that “it does not help” and hurts her stomach. The health care provider prescribes celecoxib (Celebrex) 100 mg orally twice a day.
What is the first-line therapy for osteoarthritis and the mechanism of action?
Sally expresses concern about all the recent news about heart problems and celecoxib (Celebrex).
What information should be included in a teaching plan to help her understand about taking celecoxib and the benefits and risks?
Ibuprofen and celecoxib are both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Explain how they are similar and different.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.

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First-Line Therapy for Osteoarthritis and Mechanism of Action

The first-line therapy for osteoarthritis typically involves nonpharmacologic interventions, such as exercise, weight loss, physical therapy, and assistive devices. However, if these measures fail to provide adequate relief, pharmacologic treatment options are considered. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy for osteoarthritis is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These medications help alleviate pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis.

The mechanism of action of NSAIDs, including celecoxib, involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. COX enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators involved in the pain and inflammation processes. There are two isoforms of the COX enzyme: COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is constitutively expressed and plays a role in normal physiological functions, such as the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa and the regulation of renal blood flow. COX-2, on the other hand, is induced during inflammation and mediates the production of prostaglandins that contribute to pain and inflammation.

Traditional NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which can lead to adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. Celecoxib, however, is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, meaning it primarily targets COX-2 while sparing COX-1. By selectively inhibiting COX-2, celecoxib reduces pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis while minimizing the risk of gastrointestinal complications compared to traditional NSAIDs. The recommended starting dose of celecoxib for osteoarthritis is 100 mg orally twice a day.

Teaching Plan for Celecoxib (Celebrex) Use and Associated Risks

To help Sally understand the use of celecoxib and its associated benefits and risks, the following information should be included in a comprehensive teaching plan:

Mechanism of action: Explain to Sally that celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that reduces pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Emphasize that it specifically targets the inflammatory processes while sparing the protective functions of COX-1.

Efficacy and benefits: Discuss with Sally the potential benefits of celecoxib in relieving her osteoarthritis symptoms. Clarify that celecoxib has been shown to be effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in individuals with osteoarthritis.

Potential risks and side effects: Address Sally’s concerns about the recent news regarding heart problems and celecoxib. Inform her that selective COX-2 inhibitors, including celecoxib, have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, particularly at higher doses and with long-term use. However, also explain that the risk is relatively low in individuals without preexisting cardiovascular disease or other significant risk factors.

Individualized risk assessment: Discuss with Sally her personal medical history, including any preexisting cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, heart disease, or previous strokes. This information will help determine her individual risk profile for cardiovascular events associated with celecoxib use.

Balancing risks and benefits: Help Sally understand the importance of balancing the potential risks and benefits of any medication. Explain that the decision to use celecoxib should be based on an individual assessment of her overall health status and the severity of her osteoarthritis symptoms. If her pain and functional limitations are significantly impacting her quality of life, the potential benefits of celecoxib may outweigh the associated risks.

Monitoring and follow-up: Highlight the importance of regular monitoring and follow-up visits with her

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