Posted: August 13th, 2022

Law Enforcement Challenges

Law Enforcement Challenges
Write a 3–4 page paper in which you:

Explain what the USA Patriot Act stands for and discuss its primary purpose.

Summarize an article about a recent example of a hate crime on the Internet and include why it was a hate crime, the characteristics that made it a hate crime, and how the police and court responded to the hate crime.

Compare the characteristics of intelligence and investigation and describe how the information from each is used.

Three quality references. Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Law Enforcement Challenges
The increased internet crimes and use of crime to implement crime such as terrorism have increased with the proliferation of the internet, thus inclining the government to enhance internet surveillance by the adoption of the Patriotic Act. The Patriotic Act was hurriedly passed after the 9/11 attack as a matter of national security to prevent current and future acts of terrorism. The introduction of the Patriot Act was effected to enable the government to conduct surveillance or ordinary American and any other party on terrorism or any other crime-related aspect. In this regard, the government had the capability to monitor email and phone communications, and collection of credit and bank records that could be related to terrorism (Ileuova, 2014). The activities of Americans are tracked and closely monitored on the internet to ensure that crime relates aspects and activities are effectively prevented, thus enhancing peace and tranquillity among the Americans. The Patriotic Act was that put in practice in the interest of preserving life and liberty among the Americans, but some section within the American society view the Act with a lot of scepticism arguing that it turns regular citizens into suspects. Internet crimes related to terrorism have increased and advanced with the proliferation of the internet, and there is need to monitor and track terrorism-related activities on the internet and take the relevant decisions in regard to preventing existing and future acts of terrorism.
Primary purposes of the Patriotic Act
The Patriotic Act was developed with the primary goals of uniting and strengthening the US by providing the government with the capacity to intercept and obstruct terrorism using the appropriate tools (Weber, 2007) In this regard, the Act enabled the law enforcers and investigators to use tool that was available enhance surveillance, follow and tract terrorists that have advanced tools and training to evade detection, conduct investigations without the knowledge of terrorists and enable the federal agents to gather the relevant evidence for terrorism-related issues. Furthermore, the Act enabled the sharing of information and cooperation between government agencies to track terrorists. Additionally, the Act ensured that the law was effectively updated to reflect on new threats and technology, thus combating and countering all acts of terrorism.
Hate crime article on the internet
Article: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/10/online-hate-against-disabled-people-rises-by-a-third
The article entails the online hate crimes that are subjected to people with disability, and the trend has consistently increased with time. There are fears that the increased online hate crimes on the people with disability will eventually result in long term fears, isolation and anxiety resulting in mental issues (Walker, 2019). The police data indicated that online hate crimes on people with disability in England and Wales have increased by a third since the year 2018. Police have consistently recorded online offences, but they are quick to note that online offences are under-reported area and the disabled are reserved from speaking out. This means that there many cases of online hate crimes, and thus there in need to adopt strategies and best practices support the victims and help them recover from such undesirable experiences. The different online hate cases are under the radar with the victims lacking the relevant support while the perpetrators do not pay for their crimes. The victims of the hate are subjected to hurtful and nasty comments that leave them angry and frightened. Additionally, the people with disability face hostile behaviour that is motivated by their conditions and they are prevented from going out in their local area, leading to adverse effects on emotional and mental health. Therefore, the online hate crimes have increased and caused irredeemable negative impacts on the victims, and thus there is need protect the victims through strategies such as global media organization such as Facebook to take the crimes seriously and protect the users.
Characteristics of hate crimes from the article
Hate crimes have different characteristics that define them. First, the perpetrators of the hate crimes ride on aspects of life that are perceived to be different from those of the majority. In this regard, physical disability is an aspect that is not common that it is as a basis of hate. Consequently, the perpetrators of the hate crimes use different social media platforms as a means to leach their victims and cause them harm arising from the hate.
The online hate crimes, in this case, are reported to the relevant authorities and agencies such as the police. The police conduct investigations and forward the cases to the justice department for prosecution and ruling.
Characteristics of intelligence and investigations
The investigations, in this case, evaluate and access past online crimes that have already occurred to get the information and perpetrators of the crime. The information enables the law enforcers to prosecute the perpetrators of online hate. On the other hand, intelligence enhances the evaluation of current events that could lead to future hate experiences. The intelligence gathered enables the law enforcers to adopt the relevant policies and regulation to prevent future aspects of online crimes such as hate crimes.

Conclusion
Online crimes have consistently increased due to the proliferation of the internet and technology around the globe, and there is a need to adopt the necessary countermeasures such as laws and policies. The countermeasures are adopted to safeguard the interest of the victims while punishing or preventing online criminals. The countermeasures ensure that there are sanity and decorum in the use of the internet.

References
Ileuova, G. (2014). Mangilik el: Between the national idea and patriotic act. Strategy: The Center for Social and Political Studies.
Walker A. (2019). Online hate crime against disabled people rises by a third. The Guardian.
Weber, T. R. (2007). Patriotic Legislating in the Context of Grace?. In God and Country? (pp. 225-240). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

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