Posted: April 13th, 2023

History Essay Eleventh Module Writing Assignment

Eleventh Module Writing Assignment
Primary Source Analysis Questions (70 Points)

Martin Luther 95 Theses
Galileo: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany

● What were Martin Luther’s criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church?
● Please identify three “theses” that you believe directly challenge papal power and explain your choices.
● Would you consider Martin Luther’s 95 theses to be consistent or inconsistent with the values of the Renaissance? Why or why not?
● What was the impact of printing on the dissemination of the 95 theses?
● Why did the Roman Catholic Church criticize Galileo?
● How did Galileo try to balance religious faith and scientific investigation?
● Based upon the learning materials you have reviewed in this module, what was the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the Roman Catholic Church?

These are the websites and lectures that would help me complete this assignment. please make sure there’s NO plagiarism.
Eleventh Module Video Lecture: The Reformation
A PBS Documentary About Martin Luther
Martin Luther’s Hymn, “A Mighty Fortress is Our God”
Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses
Galileo’s Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany
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Study Help, Writing Guide:
Martin Luther 95 Theses:

What were Martin Luther’s criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church?
Martin Luther criticized several practices of the Roman Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences, the hierarchy’s abuse of power, and the corruption within the Church. He believed that the Church had strayed from its original purpose and teachings, and he called for a return to the Bible as the sole source of religious authority.

Please identify three “theses” that you believe directly challenge papal power and explain your choices.
Thesis 1: Luther states that when Jesus said, “Repent,” he meant that believers should live a life of repentance, not just perform a penance prescribed by the Church. This challenges the papal power of absolution and the selling of indulgences, which were supposed to grant forgiveness and reduce time in purgatory.
Thesis 27: Luther asserts that those who preach indulgences do not preach the Gospel but are promoting human inventions. This challenges the papal power of controlling the interpretation of scripture and the authority to grant indulgences.
Thesis 62: Luther questions the Pope’s authority to forgive sins in general absolution. He argues that sins can only be forgiven by God and that the Pope cannot act as a mediator. This challenges the papal power of the sacrament of confession, which was one of the Church’s most powerful tools for controlling its followers.
Would you consider Martin Luther’s 95 theses to be consistent or inconsistent with the values of the Renaissance? Why or why not?
The 95 Theses are inconsistent with the values of the Renaissance in some ways, as they challenge the authority of the Church and call for a return to biblical teachings. However, they also reflect the Renaissance’s emphasis on individualism and critical thinking. Luther questioned the Church’s authority and encouraged people to think for themselves and seek their own interpretation of the Bible, which was in line with the Renaissance’s emphasis on individual autonomy and free inquiry.

What was the impact of printing on the dissemination of the 95 theses?
The invention of the printing press allowed Luther’s ideas to spread quickly and widely throughout Europe. Within two months of posting the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle church, they had been translated into German and printed in large numbers. Luther’s ideas were distributed through pamphlets and books, which helped to spread the Protestant Reformation and the breakaway from the Roman Catholic Church.

Galileo: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany

Why did the Roman Catholic Church criticize Galileo?
The Roman Catholic Church criticized Galileo for promoting the idea that the Earth orbited around the sun, which was contrary to the Church’s teachings at the time. The Church believed that the Earth was the center of the universe, and any assertion that challenged this belief was considered heretical and a threat to the Church’s authority.

How did Galileo try to balance religious faith and scientific investigation?
In his letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, Galileo argued that science and religion could coexist and complement each other. He believed that science could help to deepen one’s understanding of God’s creation and that the Bible should not be taken literally when it contradicts scientific evidence. He also argued that the Church should not interfere with scientific inquiry and that scientists should not overstep their bounds and make theological claims.

Based upon the learning materials you have reviewed in this module, what