Posted: July 15th, 2022

Architecture and Design paper

Architecture and Design paper

Basic tissue

General functions

Sub-type

Epithelium

· Protects from the outside world (skin)

· Absorbs stomach and intestinal lining(gut)

· Filters (kidney)

· Secrets (glands)

By shape:

· Squamous

· Cuboidal

· Columnar

By cell arrangements

· Simple

· Stratified

Muscle

· Responsible for body movement

· Moves blood, food, waste through body’s organs

· Responsible for mechanical digestion

· Smooth muscle

· Skeleton muscle

· Cardiac muscle

Connective

· Wraps around and cushions and protects organs

· Internal support for organs

· Stores nutrients

· As tendon and ligaments protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other

· Runs through organ capsules and in deep layers of skin giving strength

Loose Connective Tissue:

· Areolar Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue

· Reticular Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

· Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Nervous

· Conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons

· Brain

· Spinal cord

· Nerve

2)

Classify membranous epithelia based on the number of layers:

· Simple- contains one layer of cells

· Stratified- contains multiple layers of cells, with only one layer, the basal layer, resting directly on the basement membrane.

Classify membranous epithelia based on shape of the surface cells:

· Squamous- is flat; its width is far greater than its height. The nucleus is usually flattened (sometimes spherical), it is located in the approximate center of each cell, and it is usually the only cellular structure visible

· Cuboidal- has a height that is nearly equal to its width. Generally, the cells do not have four lateral sides, but rather five or six. The nucleus is generally spherical and centrally-located.

· Columnar- height that is clearly larger than its width. Like cuboidal cells, columnar cells usually have five or six lateral sides. The nucleus is spherical-to-oblong in shape and is usually located in the bottom third of the cell.

3)Classify glandular epithelium as endocrine or exocrine (based on where the secretary product is released)

Endocrine glands are associated with the secretion of substances that are internally used by the body, e.g. hormones. Exocrine glands secrete substances that are to be excreted by the body, e.g. mucus, sweat, etc. Endocrine glands release their secretions directly in the bloodstream, from where they travel to the target organs, whereas exocrine glands reach the target organs through the medium of ducts. Both of these glands produce their secretions through the glandular epithelium tissue, which comprises several specialized cells called goblet cells.

Classify exocrine epithelium as eccrine (exocrine), apocrine, or holocline based on the mode of secretion.

· Merocrine secretion is a type of secretion where the secretory substance in the cytoplasm of the cells is collected in the apical region of the cell. Then the contents are released along with the fusion of the membrane.

· Apocrine secretion includes discharge of the content by breaking down the lumen of the cell. This type of secretion mainly involves sex hormones that activate around puberty.

· Holocrine secretion is a type of secretion in which the cell becomes bloated by the secretory product and then disintegrates to become a part of the secretory product.