Posted: December 12th, 2022

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

Student name:__________
1) Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
1) ______

A) Water-soluble vitamins are stored, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are excreted readily.
B) Water-soluble vitamins are less likely to be toxic.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins have less potential for being toxic.
D) Water-soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat.

2) Functional foods can be placed into two categories: ______ and ______.

2) ______

A) zoochemicals; phytochemicals
B) antioxidants; anti-inflammatory
C) superfoods; phytonutrients
D) omega-3; flesh meat

3) Carotenoid consumption may reduce the risk of
3) ______

A) acne.
B) cataracts.
C) cirrhosis.
D) beriberi.

4) Which of the following is a function of phytochemicals?

4) ______

A) Increases inflammation and oxidative damage to cells
B) Regulates cell signaling and gene expression
C) Increases the formation of blood clots
D) Increases the initiation and proliferation of cancer

5) Which of the following is a good way to preserve the vitamin content of vegetables?
5) ______

A) Trimming and peeling vegetables soon after purchase
B) Storing vegetables in a cool place, such as the crisper drawer of the refrigerator
C) Boiling vegetables until they are soft
D) Storing vegetables at room temperature on the kitchen counter

6) Which of the following is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin?
6) ______

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B-6
C) Vitamin B-12
D) Riboflavin

7) Which of the following is most likely to result in vitamin toxicity if consumed daily over a long period of time?
7) ______

A) Vitamin A supplements
B) B-vitamin complex
C) Fortified breakfast cereals
D) Spinach, kale, and other greens

8) Which of the following vitamins is most readily excreted by the body?
8) ______

A) Vitamin B-6
B) Vitamin B-12
C) Vitamin D
D) Thiamin

9) Foods that are sources of chemicals that provide health benefits beyond being essential dietary nutrients are termed
9) ______

A) functional foods.
B) antioxidants.
C) gluten-free foods.
D) superfoods.

10) Water constitutes ______ percent of an adult’s body weight.
10) ______

A) 10 to 20
B) 25 to 45
C) 50 to 70
D) 75 to 95

11) Who should be concerned about dehydration?
11) ______

A) An athlete participating in a triathlon
B) An elderly man
C) A child who is ill with diarrhea
D) All of these choices are correct.

12) Dark yellow urine is most likely caused by
12) ______

A) eating asparagus.
B) not drinking enough fluids.
C) drinking too much cranberry juice.
D) eating too much carrots and squash.

13) Softening of hard water may increase its ______ content.
13) ______

A) sodium
B) magnesium
C) calcium
D) fluoride

14) The main way the body gets rid of excess water, excess minerals, and metabolic waste products is
14) ______

A) urine.
B) sweat.
C) feces.
D) bile.

15) The primary site of micronutrient absorption is the
15) ______

A) small intestine.
B) liver.
C) stomach.
D) large intestine.

16) Inadequate hydration may increase the risk for
16) ______

A) hyponatremia.
B) kidney stones.
C) hypertension.
D) hypokalemia.

17) Water is lost from the body in four ways. Which is the biggest component of daily water losses?
17) ______

A) Feces
B) Urine
C) Perspiration
D) Respiration

18) Active transport of ______ from the lumen of the intestine into the cells lining the intestine facilitates absorption of water from the gastrointestinal tract.
18) ______

A) sodium
B) glucose
C) amino acids
D) phosphorus

19) A physically active lifestyle may reduce the risk of

19) ______

A) osteoporosis, heart disease, and obesity.
B) skin cancer, ADHD, and nutrient deficiency.
C) liver cancer, anemia, and hypotension.
D) infectious disease, muscular degenerative disease, and retinal detachment.

20) ThePhysical Activity Guidelines recommends that adults participate in at least _____ minutes per week of moderate-intensity, or _____ minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.
20) ______

A) 75 to 150; 150 to 300
B) 150 to 300; 75 to 150
C) 60 to 90; 30 to 60
D) 200; 60

21) A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance

21) ______

A) muscular endurance.
B) muscular strength.
C) muscular power.
D) range of motion.

22) The conversion of glucose to lactate (lactic acid) is called
22) ______

A) aerobic glucose breakdown.
B) anaerobic glucose breakdown.
C) aerobic glycogen breakdown.
D) anaerobic glycogen breakdown.

23) Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting
23) ______

A) 10 seconds.
B) up to 30 seconds.
C) 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
D) up to 5 minutes.

24) A physically active lifestyle may reduce the risk of

24) ______

A) osteoporosis, heart disease, and obesity.
B) skin cancer, ADHD, and nutrient deficiency.
C) liver cancer, anemia, and hypotension.
D) infectious disease, muscular degenerative disease, and retinal detachment.

25) ThePhysical Activity Guidelines recommends that adults participate in at least _____ minutes per week of moderate-intensity, or _____ minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.
25) ______

A) 75 to 150; 150 to 300
B) 150 to 300; 75 to 150
C) 60 to 90; 30 to 60
D) 200; 60

26) A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance

26) ______

A) muscular endurance.
B) muscular strength.
C) muscular power.
D) range of motion.

27) The conversion of glucose to lactate (lactic acid) is called
27) ______

A) aerobic glucose breakdown.
B) anaerobic glucose breakdown.
C) aerobic glycogen breakdown.
D) anaerobic glycogen breakdown.

28) Which of the following is true about protein as an energy source?
28) ______

A) Protein is more important than carbohydrate as an energy source for muscular activity.
B) The use of protein as an energy source is greater for endurance athletes than for those who body build or lift weights.
C) Protein and amino acid supplements are needed as energy sources for weight lifters.
D) Protein is a good energy source, supplying 7 kcal per gram.

29) ThePhysical Activity Guidelines recommends that adults participate in at least _____ minutes per week of moderate-intensity, or _____ minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.
29) ______

A) 75 to 150; 150 to 300
B) 150 to 300; 75 to 150
C) 60 to 90; 30 to 60
D) 200; 60

30) A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance

30) ______

A) muscular endurance.
B) muscular strength.
C) muscular power.
D) range of motion.

31) The conversion of glucose to lactate (lactic acid) is called
31) ______

A) aerobic glucose breakdown.
B) anaerobic glucose breakdown.
C) aerobic glycogen breakdown.
D) anaerobic glycogen breakdown.

32) Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting
32) ______

A) 10 seconds.
B) up to 30 seconds.
C) 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
D) up to 5 minutes.

33) It is possible for some athletes to drink so much water that they develop water intoxication. This condition is also termed _____ and may lead to bloating, puffiness, weight gain, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, delirium, seizures, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, and possibly death.

33) ______

A) hyponatremia
B) hypernatremia
C) hydrocephaly
D) sports hyperhydration

34) To prevent iron deficiency, a female athlete should
34) ______

A) take high-dose iron supplements regularly while following a low-calorie diet.
B) have her blood hemoglobin level checked to determine if a deficiency exists that may require iron supplementation.
C) not be concerned as a low iron status is common in female athletes and will eventually resolve on its own.
D) not be concerned about iron status as iron is not involved in energy production.

35) A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance

35) ______

A) muscular endurance.
B) muscular strength.
C) muscular power.
D) range of motion.

36) Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting
36) ______

A) 10 seconds.
B) up to 30 seconds.
C) 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
D) up to 5 minutes.

37) Which of the following is true about protein as an energy source?
37) ______

A) Protein is more important than carbohydrate as an energy source for muscular activity.
B) The use of protein as an energy source is greater for endurance athletes than for those who body build or lift weights.
C) Protein and amino acid supplements are needed as energy sources for weight lifters.
D) Protein is a good energy source, supplying 7 kcal per gram.

38) It is possible for some athletes to drink so much water that they develop water intoxication. This condition is also termed _____ and may lead to bloating, puffiness, weight gain, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, delirium, seizures, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, and possibly death.

38) ______

A) hyponatremia
B) hypernatremia
C) hydrocephaly
D) sports hyperhydration

39) To prevent iron deficiency, a female athlete should
39) ______

A) take high-dose iron supplements regularly while following a low-calorie diet.
B) have her blood hemoglobin level checked to determine if a deficiency exists that may require iron supplementation.
C) not be concerned as a low iron status is common in female athletes and will eventually resolve on its own.
D) not be concerned about iron status as iron is not involved in energy production.

40) The best way to determine if an athlete is consuming adequate calories is to
40) ______

A) track changes in weight over time.
B) compare dietary intake to calculated energy needs.
C) measure serum triglycerides.
D) evaluate the color of urine.

41) Good practices to keep well hydrated during endurance events include
41) ______

A) taking salt tablets and drinking plenty of fluid before the workout.
B) drink freely during the 24 hours before an event and consume adequate fluids during training.
C) never drinking fluid during strenous workouts to prepare for dry spells during competition.
D) limit water 24 hours prior to a competition and then hyperhydrate during competition.

42) An adequate sports drink contains
42) ______

A) electrolyte minerals.
B) caffeine.
C) at least 10% carbohydrate.
D) branched-chain amino acids.

43) The first stage of heat-related illness that occurs because of depletion of blood volume is called
43) ______

A) heat exhaustion.
B) heat stroke.
C) heat cramps.
D) heat rash.

44) For a pre-event meal, rich sources of carbohydrates, such as bagels, muffins, and bread, should be eaten ______ before an endurance event.
44) ______

A) 2 to 4 hours
B) 4 or more hours
C) less than 30 minutes
D) 30 to 60 minutes

45) Current research indicates that eating disorders are due to
45) ______

A) dysfunctional family relationships.
B) the physical changes of puberty.
C) genetic variations.
D) a combination of genetic variations and lifestyle factors.

46) Individuals with anorexia nervosa
46) ______

A) tend to be between 25 and 35 years of age.
B) tend to be adolescent and early adult girls.
C) usually acknowledge the existence of their disease.
D) see themselves as thin even though they are overweight.

47) Which of the following may be an early warning sign of anorexia nervosa?
47) ______

A) Withdrawing from family and friends
B) Cooking a large meal for others, but refusing to eat it
C) Frequent measurement of body weight or body size
D) All of these choices.

48) Downy hair that grows on the body to protect against heat loss is called
48) ______

A) lanugo.
B) alopecia.
C) hypothyroidism.
D) amenorrhea.

49) Low blood levels of ______ can lead to disturbances in heart rhythm, a leading cause of death among people with eating disorders.
49) ______

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) chloride
D) glucose

50) Current research indicates that eating disorders are due to
50) ______

A) dysfunctional family relationships.
B) the physical changes of puberty.
C) genetic variations.
D) a combination of genetic variations and lifestyle factors.

51) Individuals with anorexia nervosa
51) ______

A) tend to be between 25 and 35 years of age.
B) tend to be adolescent and early adult girls.
C) usually acknowledge the existence of their disease.
D) see themselves as thin even though they are overweight.

52) Which of the following may be an early warning sign of anorexia nervosa?
52) ______

A) Withdrawing from family and friends
B) Cooking a large meal for others, but refusing to eat it
C) Frequent measurement of body weight or body size
D) All of these choices.

53) Low blood levels of ______ can lead to disturbances in heart rhythm, a leading cause of death among people with eating disorders.
53) ______

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) chloride
D) glucose

54) Benefits of hydroponics include
54) ______

A) growing more nutrient-dense plants in bioactive soil systems.
B) complete reformation and replacement of traditional agricultural practices.
C) natural biofortification of plants due to hydroponic exposure.
D) rapid plant growth with greater yields, reduced food and water waste.

55) Foods made from multiple ingredients (e.g., breakfast cereal) can be labeled as organic if at least _____% of their ingredients (by weight) meet organic standards. The term made with organic ingredients can be used if at least _____% of the ingredients are organic.
55) ______

A) 50; 25
B) 100; 75
C) 75; 50
D) 95; 70

56) Someone who eats food grown or produced locally or within a certain radius is termed a
56) ______

A) regional vegan.
B) locavore.
C) pescatarian.
D) flexitarian.

57) Which of the following is an environmental contaminant that may end up in the food supply?
57) ______

A) Caffeine
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Mercury
D) Avidin

58) Mercury, an environmental contaminant if consumed, can accumulate in fish tissue. It is advised that pregnant women avoid the four highest-mercury fish. These include
58) ______

A) tilapia, halibut, cod, sole, and walleye.
B) carp, pike, catfish, and swordfish.
C) salmon, swordfish, herring, and king mackerel.
D) swordfish, shark, tilefish, and king mackerel.

59) Possible effects of lead toxicity include
59) ______

A) cancers of the reproductive organs.
B) anemia, nervous system damage, and reduced learning capacity in children.
C) coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease.
D) deformities of the skull, legs, and ribcage.

60) Which of the following agencies enforces wholesomeness and quality standards for meat?
60) ______

A) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries
D) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

61) ______ involves separately and simultaneously sterilizing the food and its container before packaging the food.
61) ______

A) Aseptic processing
B) Pasteurization
C) Food irradiation
D) Canning

62) Common symptoms of foodborne illness include
62) ______

A) fever, skin rash, and itching.
B) coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
C) fever, diarrhea, and vomiting.
D) fever, headache, and muscle cramps.

63) The greatest health risk from food today is contamination via
63) ______

A) fungi.
B) viruses and bacteria.
C) parasites.
D) prions.

64) The Danger Zone refers to

64) ______

A) the temperature range at which bacteria grow quickly.
B) any food preparation surface that is contaminated with microorganisms.
C) parts of the United States where environmental conditions favor microbial growth.
D) the rapid heart rate that accompanies dehydration from foodborne illness.

65) Don is suffering from malnutrition. Which of the following characterizes his condition?
65) ______

A) Don must be undernourished.
B) Don must be experiencing chronic hunger.
C) Don must be experiencing poverty.
D) Don could be suffering from either undernutrition or overnutrition.

66) Which symptoms are linked to semistarvation ?
66) ______

A) Increased energy level and strength
B) Poor concentration and impaired learning
C) Increased hunger and appetite
D) Enhanced immunity

67) To assess hunger, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) annually calculates the ______, a tool that tracks the state of hunger worldwide and calls attention to locations where immediate hunger relief is urgently needed.
67) ______

A) Global Hunger Index (GHI)
B) Global Health Scale (GHS)
C) Universal Healthcare Metric (UHM)
D) Hunger and Health Scale (HHS)

68) Don is suffering from malnutrition. Which of the following characterizes his condition?
68) ______

A) Don must be undernourished.
B) Don must be experiencing chronic hunger.
C) Don must be experiencing poverty.
D) Don could be suffering from either undernutrition or overnutrition.

69) Which symptoms are linked to semistarvation ?
69) ______

A) Increased energy level and strength
B) Poor concentration and impaired learning
C) Increased hunger and appetite
D) Enhanced immunity

70) Low levels of body fat may decrease ______ fertility.
70) ______

A) both male and female
B) female
C) male
D) neither male nor female

71) The duration of pregnancy normally is ______ weeks.
71) ______

A) 30 to 34
B) 32 to 36
C) 35 to 39
D) 38 to 42

72) A mineral that is especially important for male fertility is
72) ______

A) zinc.
B) iron.
C) potassium.
D) sodium.

73) Which of the following is true about lifestyle habits and pregnancy?
73) ______

A) Repeated intake of four or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting is harmful to the fetus.
B) All women must avoid NutraSweet during pregnancy because phenylalanine causes problems with fetal brain development.
C) Use of tobacco products can be harmful for maternal health but has no impact on the developing fetus.
D) Foodborne illness can be harmful for maternal health but has no impact on the developing fetus.

74) During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, women need an average of ______ extra kilocalories per day.
74) ______

A) 150 to 250
B) 250 to 350
C) 350 to 450
D) 450 to 550

75) Requirements for ______ increase by 50% during pregnancy.
75) ______

A) folate
B) sodium
C) vitamin D
D) pantothenic acid

76) Which of the following is true about lactation?
76) ______

A) Only about 50 percent of all women can breastfeed.
B) The most significant reason why women do not breastfeed is that they cannot produce enough milk.
C) Some women cannot breastfeed because they do not have big enough breasts.
D) The major reason why women do not breastfeed is lack of information.

77) Rich in immune factors, the milk made by the mother’s breast during the first few days after birth is
77) ______

A) colostrum.
B) prolactin.
C) foremilk.
D) hindmilk.

78) According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to increase his or her birth length by ______ in 1 year.
78) ______

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

79) For a female, undernutrition could be expected to have its greatest effect on height if it occurs
79) ______

A) just before the onset of menstrual periods.
B) 1 year after the onset of menstrual periods.
C) 2 years after the onset of menstrual periods.
D) 3 years after the onset of menstrual periods.

80) To assess weight status in children 2 years of age and older, the most useful growth chart is
80) ______

A) BMI-for-age.
B) height-for-age.
C) weight-for-age.
D) head circumference-for-age.

81) Which of the following statements is true?
81) ______

A) Most infants with high weight-for-length will have a BMI in the obese range when they reach adulthood.
B) Most infants with high weight-for-length will have a BMI-for-age in the obese range when they reach preschool age.
C) Most infants with high weight-for-length will have a BMI-for-age in the normal range when they reach preschool age.
D) For infants with high weight-for-length, calories should be restricted to induce weight loss.

82) The World Health Organization growth standards stress that ______ is the biological norm for infant nutrition.
82) ______

A) feeding infant formula
B) breastfeeding
C) feeding cows’ milk
D) feeding infant formula and cereal

83) The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during
83) ______

A) pregnancy.
B) infancy.
C) lactation.
D) childhood.

84) Infants need fat because it is a rich source of calories, it aids in the absorption of several vitamins, and it promotes proper development of the nervous system. Fat accounts for approximately ______ of total kcal in the infant’s dietary pattern.
84) ______

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

85) The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant’s dietary pattern are
85) ______

A) eggs.
B) pureed meats.
C) pureed fruits.
D) iron-fortified infant cereals.

86) Weight gain between the ages of 2 and 5 is about ______ pounds per year.

86) ______

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

87) For children with obesity, experts generally recommend
87) ______

A) severe caloric restriction.
B) limiting physical activity to avoid stressing the joints.
C) early diabetes and cholesterol screening.
D) bariatric surgery.

88) ThePhysical Activity Guidelines recommend that school-children should engage in ______ of moderate to intense physical activity per day.
88) ______

A) 30 minutes
B) 60 minutes
C) 90 minutes
D) 150 minutes

89) By 2040, the population aged 85+ years in the United States is expected to

89) ______

A) be reduced by 50%.
B) double.
C) triple.
D) stay the same.

90) The dietary manipulation that is most significantly related to longevity is
90) ______

A) protein restriction.
B) low fat intake.
C) calorie restriction.
D) high carbohydrate intake.

91) Which of the following is true about aging?
91) ______

A) Aging is a disease.
B) Mathematical models have been designed that are very predictive of the aging process.
C) The rate of aging is based on genetics and no amount of modifiable lifestyle behaviors can alter it.
D) Development of chronic disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging.

92) Consuming food sources of omega-3 fatty acids are involved in biochemical pathways that ______ inflammation and are associated with a reduction in depression.
92) ______

A) decrease
B) increase
C) do not change

93) Barbara is 65 years of age, and her doctor finds her mental function is declining. Which of the following may improve her mental status?

93) ______

A) Resting the brain and avoiding brain games
B) Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
C) Eating a primarily plant-based dietary pattern
D) Taking protein supplements

94) Bud has trouble with his dentures that results in chewing difficulties. Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to help meet his nutritional needs?
94) ______

A) Toast
B) Clear bouillon
C) Sirloin steak
D) Low-fat yogurt

95) Mack is constipated. Recommendations to alleviate constipation include

95) ______

A) eating 50 grams of fiber per day.
B) drinking more fluid.
C) using mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D) eating more refined grains.

96) The most common type of malnutrition during the adult years is ______ deficiency.
96) ______

A) vitamin K
B) phytochemical
C) vitamin C
D) iron

97) What nutrient participates in the pathways that yield energy to fuel the brain, the myelination of nerve tissue, and the formation of neurotransmitters?
97) ______

A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids
D) Folate

98) Individuals over the age of 65 years and anyone with a chronic disease should not take dietary supplements unless under the guidance of a primary care provider.
98) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false

99) By 2040, the population aged 85+ years in the United States is expected to

99) ______

A) be reduced by 50%.
B) double.
C) triple.
D) stay the same.

100) The dietary manipulation that is most significantly related to longevity is
100) ______

A) protein restriction.
B) low fat intake.
C) calorie restriction.
D) high carbohydrate intake.

101) Which of the following is true about aging?
101) ______

A) Aging is a disease.
B) Mathematical models have been designed that are very predictive of the aging process.
C) The rate of aging is based on genetics and no amount of modifiable lifestyle behaviors can alter it.
D) Development of chronic disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging.

102) Consuming food sources of omega-3 fatty acids are involved in biochemical pathways that ______ inflammation and are associated with a reduction in depression.
102) ______

A) decrease
B) increase
C) do not change

103) Barbara is 65 years of age, and her doctor finds her mental function is declining. Which of the following may improve her mental status?

103) ______

A) Resting the brain and avoiding brain games
B) Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
C) Eating a primarily plant-based dietary pattern
D) Taking protein supplements

104) Bud has trouble with his dentures that results in chewing difficulties. Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to help meet his nutritional needs?
104) ______

A) Toast
B) Clear bouillon
C) Sirloin steak
D) Low-fat yogurt

105) Mack is constipated. Recommendations to alleviate constipation include

105) ______

A) eating 50 grams of fiber per day.
B) drinking more fluid.
C) using mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D) eating more refined grains.

106) The most common type of malnutrition during the adult years is ______ deficiency.
106) ______

A) vitamin K
B) phytochemical
C) vitamin C
D) iron

107) What nutrient participates in the pathways that yield energy to fuel the brain, the myelination of nerve tissue, and the formation of neurotransmitters?
107) ______

A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids
D) Folate

108) Individuals over the age of 65 years and anyone with a chronic disease should not take dietary supplements unless under the guidance of a primary care provider.
108) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false

109) Which of the following isnot part of the DETERMINE acronym?
109) ______

A) Eating poorly
B) Depression
C) Economic hardship
D) Multiple medications

Check Price Discount

Study Notes, Research Topics & Assignment Examples: What are the challenges faced by owners of single vessels in filing for bankruptcy under maritime laws? »Patient to use 67 years black male