Posted: November 29th, 2022

Cryptographic Tunneling Protocols

Cryptographic Tunneling Protocols
Cryptographic tunneling is inherent in building any common virtual private network (VPN). Based on your understanding of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model, what are the security effects of cryptographic tunneling? Provide input on the type of cryptographic tunneling protocols (e.g., L2TP, IPSEC, SSL, etc.) which may be used, the layer(s) of the OSI at which each operates, and also recommend how they may be implemented.
Based on your understanding of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model, what are the security effects of cryptographic tunneling? Provide input on the type of cryptographic tunneling protocols (e.g., L2TP, IPSEC, SSL, etc.) which may be used, the layer(s) of the OSI at which each operates, and also recommend how they may be implemented.
The OSI model is known for facilitating a fast exchange of data. However, the easy access of this data will raise security concerns which are handled by using protective technologies. Cryptographic tunneling has been considered which provides secure authentication during the transmission of the information. This technique secures the information that a process of the message ‘signing’ strategy which allows sending encrypted data with only the party with the digital being able to decrypt the satsam, the cryptographic tunneling protocols will encapsulate the data packers within the IP packers, the tunneling assigns specific ‘signature’ the ti sent information and will need authentication to be done prior to the message within the data packets ins accessed. The security of this information is also ascertained when t5he message was not altered. This is attained through the hash of the message sent and the symmetric key.
Some of the cryptographic tunneling protocols include the Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol, and. IPSec Protocol represents an open standard with a secure protocol suite applicable to existing IP connections (Cloudflare, n.d.). The tunneling protocol takes charge of the data authentication and encryption of all data packets within the IP traffic. It also focuses on the encryption and authentication for non-IP traffic concurrently operating with L2TP. It mainly operates at layer 3 or the network layer of OSI Model and can be employed on devices communicating over the internet protocol.
The PPTP protocol mainly functions on authentication of users in networking and communication (Techopedia, 2014). This protocol mainly operates at layer 7 or application layer of the OSI model. Its implementation happens through the utilization of authentication protocols such as MS-CHAP and PAP which ensure the secure communication to the organizational network from any host. SSL Protocol encryption happens at the presentation layer or Layer 6 of the OSI model (Cloudflare, n.d.). The presentation layer is distinct as it handles the submission of information and converts data from one format to another. This layer could also be used for encryption. The SSL protocol acts as the cryptographic solution for protecting data in-transit. Its design focuses on protecting data in transit between the web browser and a web server. Through the SSL protocol, data can be passed back and forth between the client and web server similarly to using the TCP. The only distinction is that the corresponding data traffic is encrypted. SSL has made considerable improvements in e-commerce since it ensures secure communication between entities.

References
Cloudflare. (n.d.). IPsec VPNs vs. SSL VPNs. Retrieved from https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/ipsec-vs-ssl-vpn/#:
Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is IPsec? | How IPsec VPNs work. Retrieved from https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/what-is-ipsec/
Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is SSL? | SSL definition. Retrieved from https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-ssl/
Techopedia. (2014, January 3). What is point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP)? – Definition from Techopedia. Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3191/point-to-point-tunneling-protocol-pptp

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