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Posted: October 27th, 2022
Sleep
Sleep
Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)
Discipline: Medical Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology etc.)
Title: Writer’s choice
Number of sources: 2
Paper instructions:
Topic ” I need sleep! Stages of sleep, brain waves, and the neural mechanisms of sleep”
guidelines
Insert APA in text citations. This follows any idea that reflects information you learned from the text.
The in-text example of citing your book:
(Saladin et al, 2020, p. ___ or para. ____)
The APA reference example of referencing your book:
References
Saladin, K. (2020). Anatomy & physiology: The unit of form and function (9th ed.). McGraw Hill Education.
Instructions: Main Post 325 Words
Click on the Create Thread button at the top of the page to post your main response to the weekly discussion.
Type the Number and Name of your topic as the subject heading to let students easily see the list of topics that have already been posted.
Post on a topic that has not already been posted by another student. Post early in the week to ensure you get the topic you want.
Do not post attachments – Post material directly on the board.
RESEARCH (Label this section)
The explanation / background of the topic- Teach the topic to students. Share interesting and current research on the topic.
Use APA citations in the text to clarify sources.
Reminder: Your textbook should be one of the sources.
CRITICAL THINKING (Label this section, too)
This section is only for your thoughts/conclusions. This is not research based.
Examples: Apply everyday phenomena in terms of the scientific concepts in your research section. Make observations and draw conclusions.
Tips and Tricks for Remembering and Recalling. Is there a mnemonic device that might help you memorize this information or what helps you understand this?
Connect the dots. Why is this an important topic for you, your community, society, or the world? How does it relate to other concepts in the text?
Add References and Word Count at the bottom of posts.
Sleep
I Need Sleep
Sleep is an essential part of life since it allows the body to rejuvenate, refresh, and remain alert when awake (Miskovic et al., 2019). Human beings need to sleep at least 6 hours a day. Due to work constraints, some people sleep fewer hours, a behavior that puts them at risk of fatigue and burnout.
Stages of Sleep
NREM 1 is the first stage of sleep that involves transitioning from wakefulness to sleep. During the first stage, the brain slows down, the heart and breathing rate slows down as the eyelids close (Le Bon, 2020). The period lasts from five to ten minutes.
The second stage is NREM 2, which lasts about 20 minutes per cycle. American Sleep Foundation estimates that 50 percent of people spend their time in this stage (Le Bon, 2020). During this stage, the temperature drops, eye movement stops, heartbeat and breathing stabilize, and individuals lose consciousness of the surrounding.
NREM 3 is the third stage, also known as delta sleep (Miskovic et al., 2019). The stage involves deep sleep that allows the body to rejuvenate and prepare for the next day. The REM stage is the fourth stage of sleep (Miskovic et al., 2019). It involves an immobilized body and relaxation of the muscles. It occurs 90 minutes after sleeping.
Brain Waves
The brain produces theta waves when a person is sleeping. During the third stage, the brain produces delta waves that allow the brain and the body to relax (Le Bon, 2020). The waves are slower and occur at a lower frequency than alpha and beta waves that occur when an individual is awake (Le Bon, 2020). For instance, delta waves occur at (1–4 Hz).
Neural Mechanisms of Sleep
Sleep-promoting neurons inhibit wake-promoting parts of the brain, slow down the brain and generate slow-wave sleep. REM sleep is controlled by the ventral medulla’s GABAergic neurons (Le Bon, 2020). Neurons play a significant role in keeping the body asleep to allow appropriate rejuvenation.
References
Le Bon, O. (2020). Relationships between REM and NREM in the NREM-REM sleep cycle: a review on competing concepts. Sleep medicine, 70, 6-16.
Miskovic, V., MacDonald, K. J., Rhodes, L. J., & Cote, K. A. (2019). Changes in EEG multiscale entropy and power‐law frequency scaling during the human sleep cycle. Human brain mapping, 40(2), 538-551.
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